AIFM1, EnkiLife, AMRe06698

This gene encodes a flavoprotein essential for nuclear disassembly in apoptotic cells, and it is found in the mitochondrial intermembrane space in healthy cells. Induction of apoptosis results in the translocation of this protein to the nucleus where it affects chromosome condensation and fragmentation. Functions both as NADH oxidoreductase and as regulator of apoptosis (PubMed: 20362274, PubMed: 23217327, PubMed: 17094969). In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondrion intermembrane space into the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it functions as a proapoptotic factor in a caspase-independent pathway. The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i. e. caspase-independent fragmentation of chromosomal DNA (By similarity). Binds to DNA in a sequence-independent manner (PubMed: 27178839). Interacts with EIF3G, and thereby inhibits the EIF3 machinery and protein synthesis, and activates caspase-7 to amplify apoptosis (PubMed: 17094969). Plays a critical role in caspase- independent, pyknotic cell death in hydrogen peroxide-exposed cells (PubMed: 19418225). In contrast, participates in normal mitochondrial metabolism. Plays an important role in the regulation of respiratory chain biogenesis by interacting with CHCHD4 and controlling CHCHD4 mitochondrial import (PubMed: 26004228).